2D drawing & 3D molecules
Draw any molecule on the left, click 2D → 3D to render it in three dimensions, or pick a preset molecule from the menu. Measure bond lengths and angles in real coordinates. Below, reference cards for atomic orbitals and the most common molecular geometries.
Editor & viewer
- Formula
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- Atoms
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- Last measurement
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2D skeletal structure
Reaction energy profiles
The shape of an energy profile tells you the kinetics (activation energy, catalysis) and the thermodynamics (ΔH, exo- vs endothermic).
Exothermic — energy released
Examples: combustion, neutralization (acid + base), thermite. Products are more stable than reactants — heat is released.
Endothermic — energy absorbed
Examples: photosynthesis, melting ice, dissolving NH₄NO₃ (cold pack). Products are less stable — heat is absorbed.
Catalyzed — lower Eₐ, same ΔH
A catalyst provides an alternate pathway with lower Eₐ, so the reaction is faster. ΔH is unchanged — start and end energies are the same.
Multi-step — intermediates & rate-limiting step
Multi-step reactions show intermediates (valleys between peaks). The slowest step (highest barrier, here TS₂) is rate-limiting.
Thermodynamics
ΔG = ΔH − TΔS
Spontaneous when ΔG < 0. Tells you if a reaction will go.
Kinetics
k = A·e−Eₐ/RT
The Arrhenius equation. Tells you how fast.
Equilibrium
ΔG° = −RT·ln K
Connects thermo to the equilibrium constant K.
Crystal unit cells in 3D
The repeating unit of a crystal lattice. Drag to rotate any of these — corner atoms are shared with adjacent unit cells, so each one only counts as ⅛ of an atom.
Atomic orbitals
The shapes that hold electrons. Build atoms from these and you have the periodic table.
Common molecular geometries (VSEPR)
Once you know how many bonded atoms and lone pairs surround the central atom, the shape is fixed.
More tools
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